Overview
The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint with a very wide range of motion, which also leaves it vulnerable to injury. Repetitive activity, overhead pressing, poor posture, sleeping on the shoulder, collisions, improper lifting, heavier-than-usual objects, and poor desk ergonomics can contribute to symptoms. Pain may arise from several structures around the shoulder, so evaluation is tailored to the person’s symptoms, activities, and exam findings.
Common symptoms
- Shoulder pain with movement or at rest
- Pain that may extend into the neck, arm, or hand
- Reduced range of motion or stiffness
- Pain worsened or eased by particular activities
- Tenderness around the shoulder joint or nearby muscles
Conditions we evaluate
- Tendinitis
- Rotator cuff tears
- Bursitis
- Burners and stingers
- Sprains and strains
- Impingement syndrome
- Labral tears
- Fractures
- Arthritis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis begins with a consultation and physical examination. The clinician asks where the pain is located, whether it travels into the neck, arm, or hand, and which activities make it better or worse. The shoulder’s range of motion is measured, and the joint and surrounding muscles are examined by touch. The shoulder may be moved through different positions to assess flexibility and joint integrity. X-rays or MRI may be recommended through an imaging facility when appropriate. Findings guide discussion of the likely cause and treatment options.
Treatment options
Treatment may begin with measures intended to reduce pain, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, hot or cold therapy, or massage. Physical therapy may be recommended after symptoms improve to help rebuild shoulder strength and stability. Depending on the injury or arthritis, options can include prescription pain medicine, joint injections, regenerative medicine, or, in severe cases, joint replacement surgery. Stem cell or other regenerative treatments are not appropriate for everyone; eligibility, expected benefits, uncertainties, and potential risks should be discussed with a qualified clinician before choosing them.