Overview
Neck and back pain can arise from structures in the spine and nearby soft tissues. Common causes described by the practice include facet syndrome, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, whiplash, radiculopathy, arthritis, degenerative joint disease, and disc herniations. Because symptoms and causes vary, evaluation considers their extent and severity. The care approach generally starts with understanding the source of pain and then matching treatment to the diagnosis.
Common symptoms
- Mild aching or severe pain
- Decreased range of motion
- Neck or back stiffness
- Difficulty finding a comfortable position for sleeping, sitting, or standing
- Pain that worsens with certain movements
- Pain that worsens with coughing or sneezing
- Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
- Sharp or shooting pain into the arms or legs
Conditions we evaluate
- Facet syndrome
- Spinal stenosis
- Spondylolisthesis
- Whiplash
- Radiculopathy
- Arthritis
- Degenerative joint disease
- Disc herniation
Diagnosis
Diagnosis begins with a detailed consultation and physical examination. Orthopedic tests can help locate the pain source and identify involved structures; some maneuvers may temporarily increase discomfort, so patients should report a change in symptoms. Depending on the presentation, evaluation may include spinal X-rays, MRI, blood work, or a nerve conduction study. The clinician combines the history, examination, and test results to identify a diagnosis and discuss appropriate treatment options.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the diagnosis and may include physical therapy, hot or cold therapy, lifestyle changes, massage, bracing or other supports, anti-inflammatory or pain medicines, and joint injections. The source describes beginning, in most cases, with a trial of conservative care before moving to prescription medicines or injections. When surgery may need consideration, the practice may provide a referral for an orthopedic spine consultation. Stem cell therapy should not be described as a cure or guaranteed result; eligibility, alternatives, and possible risks require individual discussion with a clinician.